Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law - Case Study Example The advanced law of criminal harm is for the most part held in the Criminal Damage Act 1971, which reclassifies or makes a few offenses securing property rights. The Act gives an exhaustive structure coating only preparatory acts to the most genuine offenses of illegal conflagration and creating harm with expectation to imperil life. Accordingly, disciplines fluctuate from a settled punishment to life detainment, and the court may request installment of recompense to an exploited person (Barbara & Marston, 2009). Reflecting on the offence as per the prosecution of Adam Clewes, we learn that he has been involved in two counts involving breaking a window at Bargain Booze, High Street, Leigh, and possession of a knife. According to the report from the constable, during the time of arrest and arrest, no one else was present during the interview. Clewes accepted the first count regarding breaking of a window denied and suggested that it was by accident and the second count in regards to possession of a knife. From the case study involving the case of Adam Clewes and W.H. Smiths and Cheap Booze, there are two individuals counts that comes into the attention and that requires to be dealt with differently. In consideration of the England law the Criminal Damage Act 1971 (the Act) revoked the normal law and statutory offenses of arson. Just a couple of the offenses in opposition to the Malicious Damage Act 1861 remain. The Act is presently the essential wellspring of offenses of harm to property. The common law for the most part treated harm to an alternates belongings as a civil matter heading just to a right to harms in trespass or aggravation. In the eighteenth century, Blackstone expressed the privileges of individual property in ownership are at risk to two types of wounds: carrying away or hardship of that ownership; and the misuse or harm of the assets, while the ownership proceeds in the lawful manager." Blackstone unmistakably named these

English language class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

English language class - Essay Example English is the main language in use within the country and therefore it becomes mandatory that I take this writing program in order to improve on my capacity to communicate in English through writing as well as be in a position to study effectively. Besides, with my future plans being in pursuing and practicing as an economist at an international front, it is prerequisite that I improve on my language which is to be English. I therefore feel indebted to write to any international student freshly enrolled for this course as a first year, first because I am equally an international student and also because in often times, as international students, fresh students often feel inadequate and would easily lose track on their studies with the perception that English as a language is difficult. Every international student ready to pursue this course should consider the following questions which would help in building confidence within them over the subject and hence be positive about English writing program. Why do people enroll for studies at any level? Am I as the student the first to pursue the program and if not why then cant I make it? How has the school structured the program and what are the resources that are available for use to the students in learning? In focusing on the previously stated questions to lead fresh students, I write to ascertain that such fears are always there and justifiable; more so to international students. Basic to any study experience is to learn new things of interest to the learner. This therefore would explain why students should be positive while enrolling for any course even a t an international school because the interest to learn new insights should guide them. This understanding would therefore be the bottom line to enrolment or any course because after all why should a person travel across borders and

Positioning And Differentiation Strategies

Positioning And Differentiation Strategies The increasing competition that organizations are experiencing in the face of globalization and innovation has of late resulted to them seeking to enhance their competitiveness. This has been achieved through application of various management as well as marketing strategies. Some of those strategies are meant to enhance organizations as brands of choice through effective brand positioning. Consequently, differentiation has also become crucial as one of the key means of effectively positioning organizations relative to their competitors. In that respect, this analysis identifies UnitedHealth Group and WellPoint Inc. Group as two organizations in healthcare industry for analysis on their application of positioning and differentiation strategies. The analysis notes the best practices in positioning and differentiation strategies application as well as compares and contrasts the strategies application by the two organizations. Body Organizations Overview UnitedHealth Group is a parent company to various health insurance and health care service organizations. It is the second largest publicly traded US company in health insurance providing healthcare services worldwide in healthcare consulting, specialty services and healthcare management. Serving over 75 million people globally, the organization has a large scale advantage extending across its product lines which helps it attract new hospitals in its members list and in negotiating for low prices. The companys service is divided into two main business lines; Health benefits and Health Services with UnitedHealth care delivering Health benefits while Optum is in charge of Health services. (UnitedHealth, 2013a) On the other hand, WellPoint is among the largest health benefits organizations in US. The organization has over 36 million members in its affiliated health plans as well as 67 million being served by its subsidiaries. It offers a wide range medical services and products. (WellPoint, 2013a) Positioning Strategies Organizations are experiencing increasing changes in information technology, globalization and market competition that is changing the business landscape calling for them to implement effective positioning strategies to enhance their competitiveness. (Njuguna, 2009) Consequently, organizations apply positioning strategies which refers to the applications they use in defining their services and products to customers minds against the competitors brands. (Karadeniz, 2009) This is due to the fact that, positioning is a key element in the modern day marketing being crucial to organizations in growing their customer base as well as the brand equity. (Manhas, 2010) In that respect, an effective positioning of an organization involves considering: The target market. The difference with competitors. How the difference can be communicated to customers. The value of the difference to customers. (Manhas, 2010) In addition, organizations employ positioning strategies that seek to identify and address brands positioning and differentiation from comparing brands, identify opportunities for potential markets to introduce new brands and reposition the existing ones as well as identifying the underserved segments that the existing brands serve. (Gwin Gwin, 2009) Organizations also employ experiential positioning as a strategic process seeking to understand clients desires and needs and providing services that deliver certain experience and communicates an organization promises to clients in a different way from competing brands. (Padget Mulvey, 2009) Positioning strategies should follow the process of creation of competitive advantages, selection of the right competitive advantages and choosing a competitive positioning strategy. It also entails engaging in effective communication to the target market. (Kardeniz, 2009) In that respect, UnitedHealth and Wellpoint position their services to customers depending on transaction factors, packaging, availability, pricing, advertisement, and benefit factors. The strategies applied also depend on composition factors defining the quality of service and their consistency. (Manhas, 2010) Positioning their brands also relies on brand communication which seeks to help clients identify the source of the brand. They use distinctive qualities of their brands as additional stimuli to the brand name including color, symbols, taglines and advertising styles. (Ramoniuk et al, 2007). The positioning strategies applied by UnitedHealth and WellPoint include: Positioning within the market through differentiation of a product or service. In this case, the differentiated service share attributes to the competitors service but are superior in differentiated attributes. Positioning through creation or establishment of a new market from the competitors, a strategy that uses differentiation attributes to give a perception about the services different attributes from that of competitors. (Mita Bettman, 1989) In this consideration, UnitedHealth Group positions itself as an organization with all connections relevant to the healthcare including that of right doctors and patients, between right patient data and physicians, between right information and consumers as well as between patients and their needed medicine. (UnitedHealth, 2013a) The organization has also established itself as the national exchange centre for essential information entrusted with the globally largest clinical data. (UnitedHealth, 2013a) UnitedHealth also sets itself as a leader in healthcare technology system. (UnitedHealth, 2013a) Example is the organizations Health Coverage through which it directly provides various health insurance plans to students, families and individuals aged below 64 years through Golden rule Insurance. Through this service, the organization positions itself as a preferred service provider for the target segments. (UnitedHealth, 2013a) WellPoint WellPoint seeks to make health care easier through improvement to their system as well as improving the clients healthcare access. (WellPoint, 2013a) The organization uses health affiliated companies and healthcare plans to drive innovation, empower customers as well as control healthcare costs. (WellPoint, 2013a) Differentiation Strategies In a bid to establish competitive advantage, UnitedHealth and Wellpoint delivers services that provide valued features of quality, reliable delivery and flexibility. (Spencer, Joiner Salmon, 2009) It also entails developing of added value through remarkable differentiation to set the service apart from their competitors. Their differentiation is a component of their positioning strategies. (Barna Chapman, 1986) In that respect, their well positioned brands through differentiation bears the qualities of being different, creative and striking. (Karadeniz, 2009) Their products and service differentiation as a means of effectively positioning themselves has benefits in that brands have to be differentiated from the competitors for them to attract clients. In addition, it enhances their ability to maintain market share since more differentiated brands have loyal customers who are not much sensitive to competitors brands. (Ramoniuk, Sharp Ehrenberg, 2007) However, differentiation is dynamic in that, the porters generic differentiation strategy has developed to strategies including differentiation through service innovation, marketing and image management and customers responsiveness as ways of responding to environment complexity. (Spencer, Joiner Salmon, 2009) Thus organizations seek to establish their positioning through application of various types of differentiation that include service differentiation in which the service has different attributes from that of competitors, price differentiation and niche offers that establish segments which are different from the mass market. In addition, they carry out differentiation through added services by providing extra services which motivate customers as well as service differentiation through communication. (Grimm Malschinger, 2010) In that respect, United Health seeks to position itself through differentiation in its service provision through innovation. An example is the Health4Me mobile application that offers consumers health information regarding benefits, registered nurses information as well as physicians and hospitals locations. (UnitedHealth, 2013a) UnitedHealths cancer care is differentiated in transaction through a payment model that bundles payments to ecologists ensuring continuity of the patients care as well as improving their healthcare quality. (UnitedHealth, 2013a) UnitedHealths iPlan integrates health reimbursements accounts with highly deductible health plans. This expands ordinary plans to include employer groups health savings accounts. (UnitedHealth, 2013a) United Health also has differentiated service delivery through its care coordination. This channels resources to physicians and consumers eliminating the prior authorization. (UnitedHealth, 2013a) On the other hand, Wellpoint applies some differentiation to its service delivery with an aim of effectively positioning itself as a competitive healthcare service provider. Some of the differentiation strategies applied are noted below Operating in an industry where physicians face the challenge of having to incorporate a huge volume of articles and data into practice and putting them in operation in their patients care. In this respect, WellPoint has in collaboration with IBM established the IBM Watson application program that helps doctors analyze huge volume of data and get results in less than three seconds which has enhanced the organizations ability to deal with complex cases. (WellPoint, 2013b) Wellpoint also provides their clients with an online feedback tool through which they provide feedback on their experiences with physicians as well as rate their services. (WellPoint, 2013b) Wellpoint also provides a virtual enrolment centre which provides customers with a platform to engage the organizations employees. Through the platform, customers can also access benefit plans, healthcare plans as well as prescriptions information. (WellPoint, 2013b) Thus both organizations seek to position themselves as preferred healthcare service and benefits providers. To achieve this UnitedHealth seeks to focus on the target markets needs of healthcare information by offering differentiated service which has more information provided as added services and through healthcare education through Optum insights. On the Other hand, Wellpoint seeks to position itself as an organization whose services are easier and effective to access. This is done through the various innovations aimed at making consumer experiences as efficient as possible. However, both organizations have some similar strategies in their focus on effective utilization of healthcare data to position themselves as efficient providers of services based on informed decisions. This is clearly visible in UnitedHealths utilization of its large healthcare data while WellPoint utilizes the IBM Watson application program to access and analyze large volume of healthcare data. (WellPoint, 20 13b) Conclusion The analysis has demonstrated effective positioning as crucial in establishing successful brands that are capable of effectively competing in face of increasing rivalry in the healthcare industry. It has also brought out the need for firms to identify their target markets, their competitors brands competitiveness as well as their ability to deliver value to their target markets as a means to positions themselves favorably relative to their competitors. Differentiation has also come out as a key element of positioning strategies as it seeks to set an organizations brand apart from the competitors through various differentiation strategies. In conclusion, UnitedHealth Group and WellPoint Group have been demonstrated to be applying some similar positioning and differentiation strategies as well as contrasting strategies in a bid to set their brands as unique compared to the competition brands. Consequently, the strategies application has had a significant impact with both organizations having established themselves as the brands of choice in their respective locations and being nationally ranked position one and two in terms of market share and performance.

Serial Killers Essay -- Can Biology make us Murderers?

"One must feel sorry for those who have strange tastes, but never insult them. Their wrong is Nature's too; they are no more responsible for having come into the world with tendencies unlike ours than are we for being born bandy-legged or well-proportioned". Marquis de Sade (1740-1814), "Dialogue the Fifth" (1795). If who we are and what we do originates in the brain, than the structure of and the occurrences therein can explain for our entire catalogue of personalities and behaviors. However, what about deviant behavior and personalities? If deviation implies wrong or inaccurate behavior, is there something wrong or inaccurate in the brains of those who are devious? The possibility seems immanent, but also too easy. Surely there must be something wrong with someone who is extremely violent, or hurts individuals in ways our society will not allow. There are few things more repellent to 'human nature' and morality than the concept of a serial killer. What is different about the brains of these individuals whom our society finds unforgivable and unredeemable predators? Society might find a biological reason for such atrocities more comfortable than the prospects of 'good and evil' or a mistake. This paper will catalogue and attempt to organize the current biological differences between our minds and that of a serial killer. Can Biology make us Murderers? Recent reports in science have found discrete locations in the brain that are used in intricate systems that serve as the human moral compass (1).Changes in the brain have long been known to change the behaviors of a man. In the famous example of Phineas Gage, an accident at his job caused an iron rod to pierce through Gage's skull. Gage was able to stand and speak a... ...ield. http://www.channel4.com/science/microsites/E/equinox/psyc_transcript.html 7)Towards a Unified Theory of William Jefferson Clinton, It was tough sifting through all the sites on serial killers that offered no real information (and there were a Lot of them seeing that there is a strange subculture around the topic). Strangely enough, I found many sites that showed up on search engines under the word 'psychopath' that focused on the Clinton Administration. I was surprised (as much as a Republican can be.) Needless to say, the more intelligent ones had information that pertained to my topic. This was one of them. http://zolatimes.com/v3.13/unified_clinton.htm 8)Psychopaths: Findings Point to Brain Differences, A short article directly pertaining to my topic. Robert Hare is one of the leading figures in this field. http://www.crime-times.org/97b/w97bp4.htm

Development of a Proposed Commercial Building

Contentss BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. Facilities†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ AUTHORITIES/GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . Duties of parties†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. Government/client†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. Public work section†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. Evaluation OF PROCUREMENT METHODS†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ RECOMMEDATION†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ Choice PROCEDURES†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . Decision†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT Proposed commercial edificeOBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECTThe aims of the said undertaking i.e. edifice of commercial centre is a authorities ain undertaking. When completed, it is expected to supply a contributing environment for commercial activities. Therefore, to accomplish the underline mark, certain standards have to be met in term of conduciveness for the activities to be carried out. The edifice is to be constructed for commercial intent and so the grounds for building have to be in topographic point. Therefore, the procurance to be usage for building and methods is really of import as it affect the cost, quality and clip of bringing of the undertaking. As given, the clip for undertaking completion is 2 old ages under certain conditions. It is important to understand what type of procurance to achieve certain work quality, within the demarcated clip and at an low-cost cost. Possibly, it is of import to understand the ground for building ( economic activities ) to do the edifice functional. Most public edifices failed because a clear mark is non place for the edifice public presentation. To accomplish these, a consecutive work frame should be arranged with a clear mark building.FacilitiesFacilities in commercial edifices are so many and are provided harmonizing to the functions/ public presentation of the commercial edifice. Such edifices include office edifices, industrial, retail/restaurant, multifamily, land and assorted. Therefore, the installations provided for each of the above reference commercial edifices varies depending on the type of edifice demand. Below are some of the installations in commercial edifices:Recreational installationsRestaurantTicket counterWorship country such as surauAce marketMerchandise displace countryRest room/changing roomShopsBank facilities/ ATM machineSiting installations for wheel chair usersInquiry officesCustom countryWaiting country etcIDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMSIn most cases, the authorities undertakes big scale undertakings and public installations such as, main roads, larning establishments, infirmaries and athletics installations. They are non net income oriented but important in footings of bringing, quality of plants and safety. Unfortunately a figure of authorities funded undertaking in the state suffered. They failed to accomplish the said quality and agenda.The deficiency of range for bettering building efficiency and derived relevant quality and efficiency mark and public presentation steps for building plants.Failure to analyze current pattern and the range for betterment by invention in m erchandise and procedures.Failure to place specific actions and good pattern which would assist accomplish more efficient building in footings of quality and client satisfaction, seasonableness in bringing and value for money.AUTHORITIES/GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIESDuties of partiesBasically there are three parties involved in this undertaking, to which if any mistake arises will be held responsible. These parties include:The authorities who happens to be the client and to which gives the contract under a certain ministry.The chief contractor of the undertakingThe wellness and safety statute law and enforcement bureau, which is responsible for the effectiveness execution of the so called safety and wellness policies.Government/clientThe Government as the client and as the client and as the proprietor of the undertaking has a diverse duties. The authorities is supposed to name a competent designer or supervisor who will supervise the undertaking from the start until finishing phase. The planning supervisor to the edifice is specifically referred to in the SBC ( standard edifice contract ) as being appointed by the employer, and to which the planning supervisor is stated to be the designer unless some other single is identified. The planning supervisor is required to: Ensure that the design avoid foreseeable hazard.Ensure co-operation between interior decorators.Be able to advice the client as the employer is termed in CDM94 ( building design direction ) on the competency of appointed interior decorators.Be able to advice the client on competency of the contractor.Ensure readying of bill of exchange wellness and safety program for the contractors at stamps phase.Give notice of the undertaking to the wellness and safety executive.Review and amend the wellness and safety files as work returns.Deliver the wellness and safety files to the client on completion of the undertaking.The chief contractor The rule contractor is stated to be the contractor or such offer contractor as the employer shall name as the chief contractor pursuant to regulation 6 ( 5 ) of CDM 94. The employer must be moderately satisfied that such principle contractor is competent and can apportion sufficient resources to guarantee contraption with ordinances. The chief contractor is required to:Ensure that other contractors comply with their duties on wellness and safety affairs.Co-ordinate co-operate between sub-contractorsEnsure conformity with wellness and safety programs.Ensure that all relevant individuals comply with all the wellness and safety programs.Ensure that merely authorized individual are allowed on site.Expose a transcript of noticed submitted the wellness and safety executive.Supply the planning supervising with the information required for the wellness and safety files.Instruct other contractors so that the rule contractors responsibilities are comply with.Health and safety ordinance organic structuresThe section of occupational safety and wellness ( DOSH ) and other bureaus has ordinances that lay down the legal demand to guarantee that the safety and wellness of non merely the workers at topographic point of work but besides the populace every bit good. These guidelines applied to all work in edifice operation and work of technology building activities in Malaysia. Covered by the occupational safety and wellness act 1994 ( ACT 514 ) the mill and machine act 1967 ( ACT 139 ) and all the ordinances made there under. It is designated to function as a ready to hand mention and to read together with above mentioned statute law and other industry codification of patterns. In this, the section wellness safety and wellness work in coaction with other ordinance organic structures to congratulate their policies. These are:National Institute of Safety and Health ( NAOSH ) .Construction Industry Development Board ( CIDB ) .All these organic structures mentioned supra are to guarantee zero accident is obtained both at topographic point of work after the chief building and besides during construction’s procedure.AimsTo procure the safety, wellness and public assistance of individual at work against hazards of safety and wellness originating out of activities of individuals at work.To protect individuals at topographic point of work other than individual at work against hazards to safety and wellness originating out of individual at work.To advance an occupational environment for individual at work which is adapted to their physiological and physiological demands?To supply agencies where by the associated occupational safety and wellness ordinances poss ibly increasingly by a system of ordinances and supply industry codification of pattern operating in combination with the proviso of this act designed to keep or improved the criterion of safety and wellness.Public work sectionThe public work section is the authorities functionary which is under a certain ministry of Housing Urban and Rural development. The duty of this authorization is to put to death and work with chief metropolis program. The multitudes in bend must work with the local authorization so as to accomplish the metropolis maestro program. Therefore, every person or company willing to raise any construction must subject their building’s propose program to local authorization for blessing. Possibly, this authorization already put up programs for the general public use ( Internet Explorer: Areas set out for industrial, commercial and residential countries ) . By and large, when there is disapproval from the local authorization, the aggrieved person/s can ever appeal for blessing until a certain understanding is reach by both parties. Therefore, the local authorization is responsible for giving out building’s programs and specification.Evaluation OF PROCUREMENT METHODSThe definition of procurance is ‘the obtaining of goods and services’ . But in building, it is to obtaining the whole spectrum of good, stuffs, works and services in order to plan, construct and commissions a edifice that delivers the best possible value for the money for the client over its life rhythms. In traditionally, standards for the choice for good, stuffs, works and services has been the cheapest or lowest monetary value command. However, for presents, the accent has changed fro m cheapest cost to outdo value. The procedure of obtaining a scope of building services and providers in order to present a building solution to identified demands. The procurance demands of the undertaking isTimeCostQuality or specificationTypes of Procurement There are many types of procurance which design based on the demand of the undertaking and the demands of the client in the undertaking. The different types of procurement represent different advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the client should take consequently to their budget and demands in the undertaking. Although that have many types of procurance but in Malaysia are merely focus. Traditional procurance This procurance method is client appointed a design squad by his ain and completed the drawing of undertaking consequently. After that, the client will name a chief contractor to transport out the building harmonizing to the drawing and specification drawn up by the design squad. At the same clip, the building work will be advice by the leader of the design squad, which is architect or civil technology. Direct relationship Indirect relationship Advantages:The unit rates allow easiness of rating for the phase payments of work carried out and for any fluctuation to the original design.All parties have a clear image and responsible as to the extent of their duties.It gives a clear analysis of the cost of all facets of the undertaking.Disadvantages:Changes may take to differences or claim.Take clip in design phase.Design does non profit to building experience.Design and Build Procurement This procurance is client merely appointed a contractor. The contractor will hold his ain design squad to plan consequently the demand of the proprietor so he will construct consequently. AdvantagesLess proficient hazard because the contractor is responsible to plan and construct based on their experiences.Save clip due to no tendering is needed.Disadvantages 1.Cost will detect by terminal of design. 2. The contractor may cut down the quality to maximum their net incomes. Prison guard The prison guard is a type of undertaking that is constructed so that it could be sold to any purchaser as a completed merchandise. This is contrasted with physique to order, where the builder builds an point to the buyer’s exact specifications, or when an uncomplete merchandise is sold with the premise that the purchaser would finish it. Main contractor responsible for design. Main contractor responsible for building. chief contractor installed the trappings Advantagesi?s 1. A prison guard contract is one in which an independent agent agrees to supply stuffs and labour to complete a undertaking and so turn it over to the proprietor for a fixed monetary value. 2. No spending of hard currency until the undertaking is done. Disadvantagesi?sNot easy method and affect high capableness of boosters.Transaction cost is highProcurement based on Case Study Based on the scenario, the suited procurance is utilizing Novated prison guard Procurement. The theory of this procurance is the client. Because the new oil company come ining Malayan market willing to fund a new community centre, when organisations or persons wish to hold a new installation, or carry out renovation or care of an bing installation, they will be involved in some from of procument. There are a assortment of different methods for securing this new installation, non all of which involve building as a solution. RECOMMEDATION I would recomment the usage of building direction for this undertaking with carefully selected director who will in individual handle the undertaking and pull off it good. This is because building direction is flexible, efficient and cost effectual. There should be a Study Committee to consulted and guarantee the Final study addressed client concerns.Information and Material Obtained in Interviews. The advisers and clients appreciate the clip and attempt of persons and organisations who supplied information, fiscal records, remarks, and observations with respect to building of commercial edifice for this Study. It is of import to utilize some natural stuff so as to do mention informations in the study, with ascription to the beginning. It besides to supply a strategic attack to the commercial edifice proviso within the territory required. It is recommended that before any important following stairss are taken with respects to the building advancement, the commercial and political treatments that are required associating to the possible support of the new Centre. Such commission should be able to supply extra information which relate to the undertaking life rhythm, so cost benefit analysis to the proposed undertaking is expected to positively lend towards the local economic system through increased investing in sport/recreational installation and subsequent commercial/economic activities. On the other manus, associated undertaking activities may do some negative environmental impacts. The chief end of the commission is to supply an rating as to whether the undertaking will convey a net overall addition or loss to society from the environmental base point. This survey adopts the impact pathway attack ( IPA ) where the physical environmental impacts are linked to an economic rating procedure.Choice PROCEDURESThe choice process for the most acceptable method for building of the commercial edifice is base on cost, quality and clip. It was to follow with the said importance of the undertaking precedence. These choice processs are:Identifying which of the above building procurance method would supply the needed demand for clip decrease i.e to finish undertaking with the given stipulated clip.Cost decrease or direction is of kernel, so which of the methods would be cost effectual.Identify the best method with building efficiency and derived relevant quality and efficiency mark and public presentation steps for building plants.Traditional methodThe traditional signifier of procurance is where the interior decorator does non hold direct nexus with the specializer and all communicating is via the chief contractor who in many instances will non accept design liability.Design and Build MethodDesign and Build procurance method is one in which a design-build contractor is given the duty of transporting out both the design and building of the undertaking for the client.Management Contracting MethodThis scheme involves the owner/ developer come ining into an understanding with Management Contractor who in bend contracts with single trade contractors. The proprietor pays the cost of the work contracts every bit good as the direction fee for the direction services. Fig 2.0 demoing the different procurance methods and their effectivity in relation to cost, quality, and clip.Traditional MethodDesign and Build MethodManagement CatchingTime: this is considered as the most clip devouring type of procurance methodTime: It is known as fast piece of land method because of its nature of build ability.Time: It is the fastest method comparison to the othersCost: Cost or monetary value certainty is reasonably good. Client can be certain in respects to amount spend.Cost: This method provides a better bundle and value for money spends on the undertaking.Cost: It is the least in comparing with the others.Quality: This method provides a high grade of quality and certain criterion.Quality: It is frequently found out that the quality under this catching system tends to be questionable.Quality: The certainty in relation to the quality of work is dependent on the bundle contractors. But it is better than D & A ; B in comparing.The tabular array above contains crit ical information on the different procurance methods. Each method has its ain distinctive feature and advantages, sing the different factors i.e. cost quality and clip. It is of import to cognize that one method could non be use as best pattern for all building type. To urge the most effectual method for certain undertaking, the aim and intent for the said building must be understood.DecisionEach undertaking procurance system has its ain distinctive feature in footings of the Pretender and station stamp activities and procedures, division of hazards between client and contractors, and the effectivity of undertaking monitoring and control. It is really of import at the really beginning of a undertaking to carefully see all factors when choosing the most appropriate procurance attack for a building undertaking. This is because each system has its ain characteristic and distinctive feature that will hold consequence on the cost, clip and quality of the undertaking i.e. the undertaking public presentation. Aiming to get the better of typical jobs of separation of executing from be aftering and after the-fact discrepancy sensing presently experienced in the existent patterns, a vision for the this coevals of building planning and control is proposed to get the better of life undertaking executing job. It is of import to utilize current building pattern for effectual consequences.

Booker T vs Washington

Booker T Washington and W. E. B Du Bois offered different strategies for dealing with the problems of poverty and discrimination faced by black Americans at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. By using my knowledge of the documents and my knowledge of the period 1877-1915, I was able to asses the appropriateness of each of the strategies in the historical context in which it was developed. I came to the conclusion that Booker T Washington’s strategy was more appropriate for the time period 1877-1915 then was W. E. B Du Bois’ strategy. A summarization of Booker T Washington’s strategy presented in The Atlanta Compromise Address or â€Å"Document D† would be to say that he wanted all black Americans to learn trades. He wanted them to pass on those skills, and use those skills so their families could have a better life. â€Å"Cast down your bucket where you are†¦while doing this you can be sure in the future, as in the past, that you and your families will be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding, and un resentful people that the world has seen. †-Document D. This excerpt from the document basically says that when we are taught a specific trade and teach it to our families, they can in turn be successful and live good lives in the future. Because of you learning this skill and in turn teaching it to your family, they will be better off. A summarization of W. E. B Du Bois strategy can be described as ceaseless agitation stated in â€Å"The Niagara Movement†- â€Å"The Niagara Movement proposes to gain these ends†¦. If we expect to gain our rights by nerveless acquiescence in wrong, then we expect to do what no other nation ever did. What must we do then? We must complain. Yes, plain, blunt complain, ceaseless agitation, unfailing exposure of dishonesty and wrong- this is the ancient, unerring way to liberty, and we must follow it. †-Document F I disagree with his strategy for the period 1877-1915 for he only thought about a small number of the black race, the top ten percent. He was going to send them to Harvard and some how they were going to become the intelligence for the black race as a whole. This also appoints only specific figures as a mini government of the black race. Mainly in Booker T Washington’s proposal, it just seems as if he included the whole race as opposed to W. E. B’s proposal pertaining to only a small select few. By looking at the â€Å"School Enrollment Graph† in Document A, it seems as if the W. E. B strategy would have a better chance of working in a later time period. In the time period of 1877-1915, there really were not a lot of black Americans enrolled in school. The rate does rise; showing that after 1915 there would be a much better chance of any percent of Black Americans getting into college. I can also be seen in Document B-â€Å"Illiteracy by Race†, that Black people were becoming more and more literate, allowing them to thus go to college. It appears that in the ladder of the time period we are discussing, that there is a much larger opportunity for black Americans to go to college and progress while there, than there is a chance for them to go to go to college in the beginning of the time period being discussed. Another reason it seems the Booker T Washington’s way is more appropriate is because it worked. By looking at Document C- â€Å"Lynchings by Race†, the amounts of black lynchings were becoming more and scarcer. This is perceived by me in a number of ways. First off, black Americans were learning skills now by the way of Booker T, and were not only becoming smarter, but they were becoming more important to other persons. Their skills were needed by others which not only gave people a reason not to lynch them, but it also introduced many people to more black Americans, thus putting a personal perspective of actually knowing someone. A person would much rather lynch someone that they did not know personally, than someone that they get potatoes from. In Document G, Booker T is praised by T. Thomas Fortune, a black activist and newspaper editor who writes about BTW in the nationally circulated black periodical, â€Å"Christian Recorder. He is spoken of as a man whose value is impossible to estimate. His work involving Tuskegee College is hailed for having 400 students, great teachers, splendid farm equipments, stock-raising, fruit culture, laundry work, practical housekeeping, blacksmithing, wheelwrighting, carpentering, and more, all this while a normal school system is maintained. â€Å"No time is wasted on dead languages or superfluous studies of any kind. What is practical, what will best fit these young people for the work of life, and that is taught, and is aimed at. This shows that his approach was actually working and this is evidence enough for me to say that I believe by using my knowledge of the documents and my knowledge of the period 1877-1915, I was able to asses the appropriateness of each of the strategies in the historical context in which it was developed. W. E. B just might have been a little before his time with his views. Maybe later when the literacy rate would be higher and more black Americans were being accepted to college, his idea could have worked, but there would be many smart and skilled black Americans all from the concept given by Booker T Washington.